from a post on Wednesday, October 20, 2010, nerikomi.blogspot.com
ドロシー・ファイブルマンの歴史と技法
Dorothy Feibleman's History and Expression
(this talks about exposure in Japan not her laminated translucent porcelain history between 1969~1993)
ドロシー・ファイブルマン氏は、2007年に岐阜県多治見市の市の倉さかづき美術館工房で行われたワークショップで、透光性のある磁器練り込みのクラスを教えました。
Dorothy Feibleman held a workshop in 2007 at the Sakazuki Museum in Tajimi, Gifu.
The Inax design prize gave her translucent colored laminated porcelain expression a lot of exposure in Japan in 1993. After 1993 she was awarded many opportunities. Dorothy exhibited her White/White ("Nerikomi") Expression in 1999, at the Green Gallery in Tokyo at the time of her Japan Foundation Fellowship and another residency at Shigaraki. After being awarded a gold at Mino in 2002, for her White/White ("Nerikomi") Expression, she exhibited her translucent laminated expression at Ichinokura Sakazuki Museum in 2003 and 2007 & gave slide lectures. She also exhibited at Yufuku Gallery in Tokyo in 2006. After which, she held a workshop in 2007 at Ichinokura where she showed her original expression GEOMETRIC 1,2,3,4,5 slides shown below marked DEMO showing her original use of dyed green and pink clay that is actually white. The dye burns out in the firing. She demonstrated some of her other original translucent laminated expression. At least since 1975, she has fired all her non-glazed porcelain in silica sand in saggars. She fired her student's work at Ichinokura in silica sand & made small saggars for the student work firing.
Abel Lakatos filmed pink gradation, gradation spiral, Dorothy Flower Petal, and Blue Star when she was on residencies & teaching several times in Hungary :
Some of these below are on: http://nerikomi.blogspot.com/2012/07/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tK10XY6OpRI
gradation spiral
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGLfVS2V4VI
Dorothy Flower Petal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onSG08Js3Dk
Blue Star
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9Y_BNUeEN4
白/白さかづき（上写真）
2002年金賞美濃コンペティション受賞
The WHITE WHITE SAKAZUKI pictured above the demo photos, won a gold prize at Mino in 2002.
また1997年と1999年には、滋賀県信楽にある陶芸の森の工房にゲストアーティストとして滞在し、作品制作およびワークショップ＆レクチャーを行いました。1998年には信楽窯業技術試験場で講演を実施しました。今回、彼女が今まで約40年間に渡り用いてきた、練り込み磁器の制作方法を紹介します。
In 1997 and 1999, she was a guest artist at the Shigaraki Ceramic Cultural Park, Shigaraki, Shiga Prefecture, where she produced works, conducted workshops and gave lectures. In 1998 she gave a lecture at the Shigaraki Ceramics Technology Laboratory. "Here is an introduction to how Dorothy makes her laminated porcelain that she has been making for 40 years". (now 50 years)
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| Photo Left: By Tomoki Fuji. Shown at an exhibition of Dorothy's work at Ichinokura Sakazuki Museum in 2003 Photo Right: Hungarain church in Transylvania by Dorothy Feibleman 1973 |
Photo: Dorothy Feibleman 2005
Here is a very short slide show of how the type of piece above was made. She always fires her work in silica sand in saggars as shown in this slide show. This is not a secret technique. It has an English industrial history.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjKCyX4PVwQ
The 5 slide videos below were made in Australia in 2004 for a class at the University of Canberra photographed by Greg Daly.
Dorothy was using white porcelains in these slides. As mentioned above, the pink and green colors burn out. The fired pieces were white like the ones above in this post. It is standard procedure in porcelain factories for material and process identification to put dye in porcelains used for different processes. This makes it easy for staff to access the correct clay type so they can move it to the area of the factory where it will be used. If not dyed, the white porcelains may look like the same porcelain and be the same porcelain sometimes, except for the plasticizer used for flowers or jigger jolly or casting, etc. Dorothy has (since 1995) used dye to identify her different whites she is laminating. This allows her to see what patterns she is making with white clay and to identify the translucency or color of different whites or opacity in each structural image she is making. Understanding this is important for her final expression after firing. Placement of white colors, textures and structural movement is all part of her expression. Aniline dye was used in industry to identify factory porcelains so they were moved to the correct departments. Historically, white white translucent nerikomi did not exist before Dorothy developed her expression. Her invention of using dye which burns out in firing was essential for her to achieve her unique white white translucent signature expression.
The piece above (1999) made from several white porcelains. It is a similar construction imaging to the below demos. This piece was partially made in the UK and Japan in 1998-9 and finished at the Seto Ceramic and Glass Studio on the residency in 2000. There was a second one made from the same images but it was not perfect. It "was lost" by ...... there was a police report in Seto.
It is still "lost" probably in someone's private collection of endangered species items.
These two above photos are from a powerpoint presentation given in Hungary & in Japan.
Photo of the piece: Mark Johnson.
Photo of gate in Romania: Dorothy Feibleman.
geometric 1 透光性のある磁器練り込み ドロシー DEMO
geometric 2 透光性のある磁器練り込みドロシー DEMO
geometric 3 透光性のある磁器練り込み ドロシー DEMO
geometric 4 透光性のある磁器練り込みドロシー DEMO
geometric 5 透光性のある磁器練り込み ドロシー DEMO
透光性のある磁器”練り込み”は、西洋的には顔料を混ぜた磁器土、または異なる白い磁器土を使用し制作されたものです。ドロシー・ファイブルマンは、構造的な透光性のある練り込み磁器を開発した最初の陶芸家で、構造的な透光性のある磁器土を使用し続けて37年になります。当時日本には透光性のある練り込みは、その長い歴史を見てもありませんでした。
Translucent porcelain "kneading" was produced using porcelain clay mixed with pigments or different white porcelain clays. Dorothy Feibleman was the first potter to develop her particular expression of structural translucent kneaded porcelain, and has been using structural translucent porcelain soil for 37 years. (now 50 years). At that time (1969), there was no translucent expression of kneading like Dorothy's in Japan, even with a long history. Not sure where this was quoted from at the time it was put in this blog but it is off by about +3 years.
ドロシー・ファイブルマンが初めて日本に構造的な透光性のある色付きの練り込み磁器土を紹介したのは1993年でした。1995年以前、彼女は制作に凹凸や平面に色の付いた磁器土を使用していましたが、1995年のハンガリーでの制作活動以降は、彼女のレパートリーに平面と凹凸を透光性の異なる白い磁器土を使用したものが加えられました。
In 1993 Dorothy Feibleman introduced the first structurally translucent colored kneaded porcelain clay to Japan. Before 1995, she used porcelain clay with textures and colored surfaces, but since working in Hungary in 1995, her repertoire increased to using white gradations with different translucencies, and textures.
そのハンガリーの磁器土には、チェコ・カオリンが含有されていて、彼女はそれを透光性のある白い磁器土と組み合わせ、まるでプリカジュールかステンドグラスのような模様のブロックに作り上げます。濃い白が構造の中で強いほど、透光性のある磁器土は内へ溶けます。①凸凹、②凹凸、③平面の3種の仕上がりは、焼成の温度と焼成時間によって決まります。基本的に、これら3種の凹凸効果は焼成から出されることになります。
The Hungarian porcelain clay she used, contained Czech kaolin, she laminated it with her translucent white porcelain clay to make canes with a pattern like Plique a Jour or stained glass. The stronger dense white porcelain in the structure with the less translucent porcelain allows the more translucent porcelain to melt inside the stronger structure. The three finishes (1) 凸凹 unevenness, (2) 凹凸 unevenness, and (3) 平面 flat surface are determined by the firing temperature and firing time and her materials used. Basically, these three types of surface but actually structural unevenness come during all drying and firing and choice of materials in the clays.
What is not clear in the translation is that there are two texture types and the clays melt at different temperatures and move when they mature or are still porous.
１.凸凹 ガラス状の丸い構造（液体を透過しない）
1. Uneven/textured Glass-like rounded structure (is vitreous and does not leak)
Dorothy Feibleman © 1995 / Dorothy Feibleman ©1999
２. 凹凸
2. Uneven/texture
凹凸の構造のうち、濃い白色が盛り上がり、角になっている部分はつや消し効果の白磁器土を。また、凹んだ部分は、わずかに光沢のある白磁器土が使用されています。このような凹凸構造は、光が当たると影をつくり、やわらかく、ベルベットのような印象を与えます。しかし、このつや消しになっている部分は素焼きのようになっており、置き物用の作品にのみ適していると言えます。また、防水性がなく、多孔性になっているので、水を入れると浸透し、色のついたもの（お茶類、ワインやしょうゆなど）を入れるとシミになってしまうので、食卓用の食器としても使用しないほうがよいでしょう。
***国際的には、食品衛生法などにより、シリコンの防水剤は食卓用の食器には適していないとされています。
In this example, the white matte is not mature. In addition, the recessed parts of the image are made of vitrified white porcelain clay. This uneven structure creates a shadow giving it a soft, velvet-like impression.
However, this chalk like raised part is like a low fired bisque unglazed piece, it is not suitable for use with food. Also, since it is not waterproof and porous, it absorbs water and becomes weaker, stains when exposed to oil, tea, wine, soy sauce, dirty finger prints, etc. It is very weak so it is not usually good for large work.
*** Internationally, silicone waterproofing agents are not suitable for tableware due to food hygiene laws.
３.a. 平面
3.a. Smooth
作品全体が、素焼きのようなつや消し効果や、わずかに光沢のある磁器土を使用していなければ、それはガラス質（水漏れしない状態）であり、シミにもならず、そして食器としても使用できます。
If the porcelains used are chemically suited to each other they will vitrify within the same firing range.
(http://dorothyfeibleman.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post.html, enlarged image)
Made in the UK in 1995 and 1997 and first shown publicly in Japan at the Seto Ceramic and Glass Center when she was a resident.
３.b. 波状の面
3.b. Wavy surface
もし、二種類の磁器土が使用されていれば、どちらの土もガラス質になりえます。しかし、両方の磁器土の収縮率が同じとは限りません。結果として、水面上の小さな波のような大変面白い効果が得られますが、どちらの磁器土もガラス質になっていればシミになることはありません。(http.//dorothyfeibleman.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post.html,同じ画像の拡大)
If two types of porcelain are used, However, the shrinkage/vitrification point is within the same range of both porcelain clay but is not always the same. The result is a very interesting effect, like a small wave on the surface of the water.
ドロシー・ファイブルマン氏は、混ぜ合わせることのできる7色の透光性のある磁器土を利用できるようにした最初の陶芸家です。透光性のある色付きの磁器土は5色あり、さらに透光性のある白と黒は際限なく混ぜ合わせることができ、様々な色の表現を可能にしました。その磁器土は、1984年からヨーロッパのポドモレス社（後にポッタリークラフト社）で、その会社がリモージュ社の一部門になるまで販売されていました。
Dorothy Feibleman was the first ceramist to make available to the public, seven intermixable colors of translucent porcelain clay. It was sold by Podmores in Europe (later Potterycrafts) from 1984 until the company became part of Limoges.
練り上げの人間国宝、故松井康成氏は、1997年に信楽にある陶芸の森で彼女の制作した透光性のある白と白の凹凸のある器を見た後、彼女の磁器土に興味を持ち、後に同じ磁器土を２トン、イギリスの原料店から購入しました。
In 1997, the late 松井 康成 MATSUI KOUSEI saw her translucent white and white textured vessels she produced at Shigaraki Ceramic Cultural Park. Like the small cup pictured on the left below. He said to the translators, "I want her clay" and Dorothy told him anyone could purchase it from Potterycrafts (the D.F. colored porcelain sold since the early 1980s). He purchased one ton of Dorothy's dry translucent porcelain clay from Potterycrafts U.K.
photos above and below: Mark Johnston
これらの透光性のある白の凹凸のある作品の一つが、1998年の国際陶磁器フェスティバル美濃の芸術セクションにおいて展示され、後にニューヨーク市にあるメトロポリタン美術館に永久収蔵品として購入されました。
This white/white translucent piece was displayed in the Art Section 1998 at International Ceramic Festival Mino. It was soon purchased for the permanent collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
This page was mainly about white/white work and was put on in 2010 in English.
Below is a piece that was in the same Mino '98 as the work that the Metropolitan Museum acquired.
It was made from translucent porcelain but was not photographed with light. It looks totally different with light shining through it.
In 1998 Mino Competition, Dorothy was awarded a silver in the design section for this piece of her colored work.
會田 雄亮 Yusuke Aida was the head judge in the design section that year.
1986年、岐阜県の国際陶磁器フェスティバル美濃において、初めてドロシー・ファイブルマン氏の作品が展示されました。彼女が陶芸家として日本に定着したのは1993年で、1997年以降、その存在感を著しく確立していきました。2000年のINAX実験工房での制作活動後、愛知県常滑市に独立工房を立ち上げ、現在もそこで制作活動を続けています。
In 1986, Dorothy Feibleman's laminated porcelain work was exhibited for the first time at Mino International Ceramic Festival in Gifu Prefecture. She won the Inax design prize in Japan in 1993, and since 1997, she has been making work in Japan regularly. After her production activity at the INAX Experimental Studio in the early 2000s, she established an independent workshop in Tokoname City, Aichi Prefecture.
Resurrected from 2010 posting on nerikomi.blogspot.com and translated back into English. Translation is in blue. red or magenta new added info.
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